Asset tracking refers to the method of tracking physical assets, either by scanning barcode labels attached to the assets or by using tags using GPS, BLE or RFID which broadcast their location. These technologies can also be used for indoor tracking of persons wearing a tag.

Asset Tracking is the process of capturing vital information on the status and location of assets using scanners to detect barcodes, NFC labels, or RFID tags for asset verification. As an alternative to scanning, data can be entered manually into a central asset register. The register should offer fully-customizable fields for recording valuable asset data.

Asset Tracking is carried out by organizations with the aim of improving the usage and security of valuable items. Additionally, routine physical audits are mandated by auditors to ensure that finance departments can verify the existence of assets that are listed on the balance sheet. Organizations that fail to track assets correctly could be losing vast sums of money on an annual basis.

Asset Tracking differs from Inventory tracking; the former is the process of monitoring the value of items owned by a business along with useful information about location, ownership, associated documents, etc., whereas the latter describes keeping an accurate record of items that are held in stock for sale to customers.

RFID

‘Passive’ RFID tags broadcast their location but have limited transmission range (typically a few meters). Longer-range “smart tags” use ‘active’ RFID -where a radio transmitter is powered by a battery and can transmit up to 2000 meters (6,600 feet) in optimum conditions. RFID-based Asset Tracking requires an infrastructure to be put in place before the whereabouts of tags may be ascertained. An asset tracking system can record the location and usage of the assets and generate various reports.

Barcodes

Assets can be tracked via manually scanning barcodes such as QR codes. QR codes can be scanned using smartphones with cameras and dedicated apps, as well as with barcode readers.

NFC

Latest trend in asset tracking is using NFC. The NFC technology simplifies tracking of assets by tapping the assets and getting the details. This is an advantage for tracking critical assets where user needs to see the condition of the asset to be tracked.

GPS asset tracking

Assets may also be tracked globally using devices which combine the GPS system and mobile phone and/or satellite phone technology. Such devices are known as GPS asset trackers and are different from other GPS tracking units in that they rely on an internal battery for power rather than being hard-wired to a vehicle’s battery. The frequency with which the position of the device must be known or available dictates the quality, size or type of GPS asset tracker required. It is common for asset tracking devices to fail due to Faraday cage effects as a huge proportion of the world’s assets are moved via intermodal containers. However modern tracking technology has now seen advances in signal transmission that allows enough signal strength reception from the GPS satellite system which can then be reported via GPRS to terrestrial networks.

Wi-Fi, IR, and Bluetooth

For indoor asset tracking Wi-Fi combined with another technology like IR has been used.[1] Bluetooth technology has also been used, and may provide more accuracy even if Bluetooth technology wasn’t primarily developed for localization.